The Presumptions of Meaning: Hamblin and Equivocation

نویسنده

  • FABRIZIO MACAGNO
چکیده

The force and the deceptive nature of the fallacy of equivocation lies in its dialectical nature. The speaker redefines a word in order to classify a fragment of reality, while the hearer draws a conclusion based on the ordinary meaning of such a classification. This difference between the interlocutors’ meanings is grounded on a crucial epistemic gap: how is it possible to know our hearer’s mind, and his knowledge of the words we used? Building on Hamblin’s account of equivocation, the speaker’s meaning and the manipulative strategies based on redefinitions can be explained as the conclusion of an implicit reasoning based on a presumption of ordinary meaning. Résumé: La force et le caractère trompeur du sophisme d’équivocation réside dans sa nature dialectique. L'orateur redéfinit un mot pour classer un fragment de la réalité, tandis que l'auditeur tire une conclusion fondée sur le sens ordinaire d'une telle classification. Cette différence entre les significations des interlocuteurs est fondée sur un écart épistémique crucial: comment est-il possible de connaître l'esprit de notre auditeur, et sa connaissance des mots que nous avons utilisés? S'appuyant sur la description de Hamblin de l'équivocation, la signification du locuteur et les stratégies de manipulation basées sur les redéfinitions peuvent être considérées comme la conclusion d'un raisonnement implicite fondé sur une présomption de signification ordinaire.

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تاریخ انتشار 2011